The Eurosystem’s monetary policy is geared towards macroeconomic developments over the entire euro area. Does it produce different effects in the individual member states? And, if yes, how big are the differences? Our empirical study on interest rate policy examines this question for Germany, France, Italy and Spain, the four largest economies in the euro area.

Households in Germany are expecting interest rates to stay low over the relatively long haul, with many intending to adjust their saving behaviour in response. These are two of the key findings from the 2016 Panel on Household Finances (PHF) summer survey.

The years following the 2007-08 financial crisis saw central banks in the United States and other industrialized countries adopt highly expansionary monetary policy measures in an effort to stimulate the economy. But how effective have those policies been? A new study explores how effective an expansionary monetary policy stance can be in such turbulent times.

A new EU regulation sheds the first light on the hitherto hidden practices of short sellers. This legislation requires short positions to be made public as soon as they exceed a certain threshold. How are market participants responding to this new transparency? A new study looks into this question.

Demand in the USA and other industrial nations collapsed dramatically during the financial crisis and yet this did not lead to deflation. The reasons for this have still not been fully explained. A new study examines the extent to which financial shocks have a bearing on the path of inflation.