Interest rates and reserve ratios
Table Minimum reserves interest rates 2025
| Maintenance period ending in | Remuneration rate on reserve holdings1 | Penalty rate on reserve deficiencies2 | Remuneration rate on excess reserves |
| January 2025 | 0,00% | 5.90% | 0,00% |
Table Minimum reserves interest rates 2024
| Maintenance period ending in | Remuneration rate on reserve holdings1 | Penalty rate on reserve deficiencies2 | Remuneration rate on excess reserves |
| December 2024 | 0.00% | 6.15% | 0.00% |
| October 2024 | 0.00% | 6.40% | 0.00% |
| September 2024 | 0.00% | 7.00% | 0.00% |
| July 2024 | 0.00% | 7.00% | 0.00% |
| June 2024 | 0.00% | 7.25% | 0.00% |
| April 2024 | 0.00% | 7.25% | 0.00% |
| March 2024 | 0.00% | 7.25% | 0.00% |
| January 2024 | 0.00% | 7.25% | 0.00% |
Table Minimum reserves interest rates 2023
| Maintenance period ending in | Remuneration rate on reserve holdings1 | Penalty rate on reserve deficiencies2 | Remuneration rate on excess reserves |
| December 2023 | 0.00% | 7.25% | 0.00% |
| October 2023 | 0.00% | 7.25% | 0.00% |
| September 2023 | 3.75% | 7.00% | 0.00% |
| August 2023 | 3.50% | 6.75% | 0.00% |
| June 2023 | 3.25% | 6.50% | 0.00% |
| May 2023 | 3.00% | 6.25% | 0.00% |
| March 2023 | 2.50% | 5.75% | 0.00% |
| February 2023 | 2.00% | 5.25% | 0.00% |
1 Interests on minimum reserve balances were calculated at the average margial rate of the main refinancing operations until 20 December 2022, at the average rate for the deposit facility from 21 December 2022 to 19 September 2023 and at 0% since 20 September 2023.
2 2.5 percentage points above the ECB's average marginal lending rate during the reserve maintenance period (in the case of repeated failure to comply with the reserve requirement (more than twice within 12 months) 5 percentage points above the marginal lending rate).