Measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), Germany’s net external assets grew from just under 20% at the start of 2007 to around 60% by the end of 2017. Enterprises and households recorded the highest increase in assets, with portfolio investment being a key factor. As noted in the April 2018 Monthly Report, "For the first time in over 30 years, residents’ holdings of foreign securities are larger than non-residents’ holdings of securities issued in Germany".

The March 2018 Monthly Report sheds light on Germany’s balance of payments for 2017 and provides an insight into demand for euro banknotes at the Deutsche Bundesbank. It also includes an article on the design, regulation and use of contingent convertible bonds.

The information contained in the study is of interest to all market participants affected by the payment behaviour of private individuals, most notably retailers, credit institutions, card issuers and, last but not least, the Deutsche Bundesbank itself. Players wishing to foster more innovation in the field of payments need to offer a genuine advantage over established schemes and procedures and, in particular, to heed users’ perceived security needs.