A red figure is firmly ensconced on the forecourt of the Bundesbank’s Oldenburg branch. Like an oversized marionette, it sits in the centre of a four-part sculpture series by Bogomir Ecker which extends inside the building.

The Research Data and Service Centre regularly matches Bundesbank company data to enable researchers to use linked microdata on companies (subject to approval of the respective research project).

Verglichen mit Mai 2023 haben sich die Erwartungen der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher wie folgt entwickelt.

Economist in the Research Centre since November 2010

The advantages or disadvantages firms experience as a result of their size, referred to in the economic literature as returns to scale, are of central importance in many economic models. Increasing returns to scale, whereby unit costs decrease as output volume increases, could explain productivity differences between Europe and the United States. We present fresh evidence on the returns to scale of European firms: most exhibit constant returns to scale, but a non-trivial share also show increasing returns to scale.

Economist in the Research Centre since August 2013

Die aggregierte Summe der Aktiva der Kreditinstitute mit Sitz in der EU verringerte sich von 31,71 Billionen € im März 2022 auf 31,34 Billionen € im März 2023. Dies entspricht einem Rückgang um 1,17 %.

In the first half of 2023, the Bundesbank withdrew approximately 26,700 counterfeit euro banknotes with a nominal value of just under €2.9 million from circulation in Germany. This was 10% more counterfeit banknotes than in the second half of 2022. The number of counterfeit €200 and €500 banknotes rose in particular. “The incidence of counterfeit banknotes is still low, however. Statistically speaking, there were six counterfeit banknotes per 10,000 inhabitants,” stated Burkhard Balz, the Bundesbank Executive Board member responsible for cash management.