No. Cash will remain the default means of payment for the foreseeable future. Cash carries value, can be reliably authenticated and distinguished from counterfeits, and does not require any third party to settle the payment. No other payment instrument includes these three elements as effectively as cash.

No. The unique features of cash ensure that it will remain relevant in the future. Digital means of payment may be convenient for many people, but they do not suit everyone. Contactless payments will not replace cash as a payment instrument, but will instead exist alongside cash.

The European Commission issued a recommendation (2010/191/EU), based on a report by the Euro Legal Tender Expert Group, which states the following with regard to the obligation to accept cash.

• Retailers cannot refuse cash payments unless both parties have agreed to use a different means of payment.
• Displaying a label or posters indicating that the retailer refuses payments in cash, or payments made in certain banknote denominations, is not enough. The retailer must provide a legitimate excuse, such as a difficulty maintaining sufficient cash reserves to provide change or concrete physical security risks due to the presence of large amounts of cash.
• Public entities providing essential services to citizens cannot apply restrictions or refuse cash payments altogether without sufficient reason. Doing so would undermine the legal tender status of euro banknotes and coins protected by EU law.